![]() ![]() The Fw-Ra consists most of the acidic rocks and Alluvium soil with clay layers in the project area, (i.e., granitic intrusions), thus, the origin of its most elements could be from weathering, hydro-chemical reactions and the solubility of minerals (i.e., The existence of potassium and sodium associated to the kaolin’s rich alunite (K, Na)Al 3(SO 4) 2(OH) 6] ) (Thirteen thematic layers of water quality parameters were used in ArcGIS environment to acquire the output of drinking water quality index DWQI maps for Fw-Rh Figure 8a, and Qa-Qu Figure 8b, localities. ![]() The distribution of sulfate Figure 7g, ranges from 0.02 to 2.57, with a similar orientation as the TDS Figure 7h, both appear with higher values at the central part, moderate values in the southeast and low values in the northwest. The bicarbonate HCO 3 − concentration Figure 7e, varies from 78.9 mg/L to 1450.00 mg/L, when the concentration of chloride Figure 7f, ranges from 8.10 mg/L to mg/L 172.50. It also reflects the relatively moderate value in the middle of the area. The distribution of magnesium Figure 7d, ranges from 11.66 mg/L to 34.28 mg/L. The distribution of calcium Figure 7c, ranges from 4.54 mg/L to 37.47 mg/L, it reflects relatively moderate values in the middle of Fw-Rh area. The hydro-chemical of Fw-Rh area the sodium concentration patterns in Figure 7a show similar trends to the potassium in Figure 7b with higher values in the northwest and southeast when decreasing in the central part. Several factors control the groundwater geochemistry such as the type of rock forming the aquifer, the residence time of water in the hosted aquifer, the origin of the groundwater and the flow directions of groundwater. The interaction between water and rocks has usually been studied to provide an understanding of the physical and chemical procedures controlling water chemistry. Evaluation of the geochemical status of groundwater is required to competently plan and control the groundwater resources. In arid and semi-arid areas, the potential use of groundwater for drinking and agricultural projects is threatened by the decline of water quality due to physical and anthropogenic characteristics. The benefit of understanding groundwater geochemistry is to ensure its good quality for drinking. ![]() Accessibility to water is an important global goal whose effects are abundantly felt in developing countries. ![]() Groundwater is a noble resource for water in arid and semiarid areas. The outcome of the analysis reveals that several groundwater samples have been found to be suitable for drinking purposes in Fa-Rh and Qa-Qu areas. However, from the plots of piper diagram the samples result revealed (40%) Na-Mg-HCO 3 and (35%) Na-HCO 3 water types. The groundwater in this research is controlled by sodium and bicarbonate ions that defined the composition of the water type to be Na HCO 3. Forty samples were assembled and investigated for the analysis of major cations and anions. The GIS interpolation tool was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters and DWQI in the area. The interpolation methods were used to demonstrate the facies pattern and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) of the groundwater in the research area. The aquifers have been overworked intensively as the main source of indigenous water supply in the study area. These aquifers are the primary source of national drinking water and partly for agricultural activity in El Faw, El Raha (Fw-Rh), El Qalabat and El Quresha (Qa-Qu) localities in the southern part of Gedaref State in eastern Sudan. In this study, groundwater quality parameters were observed in three different aquifers including: sandstone, alluvium and basalt. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), are intensive tools for the performance and analysis of spatial datum associated with groundwater sources control. The observation of groundwater quality elements is essential for understanding the classification and distribution of drinking water. ![]()
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